- Opening Keynote:
As We REALLY May Think
Memex, Topic Maps, and subject-centric computing
Steve Pepper
, Norway
Abstract
In 1945 Vannevar Bush published a visionary article entitled "As We May Think". It argued that the "information tsunami" problem could only be solved by organizing information in the way people think. Bush also described a machine called the Memex, which he described as a "sort of mechanized private file and library".
Bush's ideas inspired the great pioneers of hypertext, from Doug Engelbart to Ted Nelson, and from Bill Atkinson (inventor of HyperCard) to Tim Berners-Lee (inventor of the World Wide Web). All of them, in their work, give credit to Bush, to his article, and to his vision of the Memex.
But is it possible that they were all led astray by Bush?
This keynote presentation argues that Bush's fundamental idea ? that information should be organized "as we may think" ? was right. But it claims that the document-centric approach represented by the Memex was wrong, and that it sent the hypertext community off in the wrong direction. People do not think in terms of hyperlinked documents; they think in terms of concepts, and associations between concepts, and that is quite different. Some of the problems with the Web as it is today are the direct result of this overemphasis on the importance of documents ("resources") at the expense of concepts ("subjects").
The message of this keynote is that Topic Maps provides a model that is much closer to how people think and should be regarded as the true heir, not only to Bush's ideas, but to Tim Berners-Lee's original vision of the World Wide Web. Topic Maps gives us a new way to think about managing information based on a synthesis of ideas from traditional library science, cognitive science and data modeling. It draws a comparison with object-oriented programming and the paradigm shift it represented in the 1980s and 1990s, and it positions Topic Maps as the herald of a new paradigm shift - "subject-centric computing" - which promises to turn the way we use computers to manage information inside out.
Slides
Steve Pepper
Steve Pepper is an independent researcher, writer and lecturer who has worked with open standards for structured information for over two decades. He has represented Norway on ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34, the ISO subcommittee for document description languages, since 1995, and convened the Topic Maps Working Group since it was founded. He was the editor of the XML Topic Maps specification (XTM) in 2001 and has published numerous papers and presentations on Topic Maps-related subjects, including the well-known TAO of Topic Maps.
A frequent speaker at XML, Topic Maps, and knowledge management events around the world, Steve was for many years the author and maintainer of the Whirlwind Guide to SGML and XML tools. He also co-authored (with the inventor of SGML, Charles Goldfarb, and Chet Ensign) the SGML Buyer's Guide (Prentice-Hall, 1998).
In 2000 Steve founded Ontopia, which became the world's premier provider of Topic Maps technology. His current research focus with Ontopedia (www.ontopedia.net) is on subject-centric computing applications based on the Topic Maps standard. He also lectures at the University College of Oslo, writes for various publications, including the Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, and chairs the annual International Topic Maps Users Conference (www.topicmaps.com).
- The Power of TM-Based Intelligent Systems in Various Domains
Sam Gyun Oh, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Abstract
This presentation consists of 5 parts. The first part will present TM-based knowledge portal of Korean history funded by KADO, a Korean government agency. The purpose of this project is to provide a seamless access to historical materials regardless of where they are and achieve collocation of related historical facts and resources. The following four parts are from my students who implemented excellent TM-systems as class projects: 1) information regarding 100 brands in the world, 2) major facts about the countries, 3) learning tools to learn Chinese characters, and 4) information regarding recipes and restaurants.
Slides
Sam Gyun Oh
Sam Oh is a Professor in the Department of Library and Information Science at Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul Korea. Prior to joining SKKU, he taught at the University of Washington for 4 years. His teaching and research interests include metadata and ontology design, data modeling and knowledge management (KM). He has extensive consulting experiences in metadata and ontology design for digital libraries, KM companies as well as government sectors in Korea. He is the chair of ISO/IEC JTC1 SC34, the HoD for ISO TC46 and serves as a Dublin Core board member.
- Topic Maps-Driven Semantic Services for National Library of Korea
Sam Gyun Oh, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Abstract
This presentation is an attempt to provide NLK users with timely and comprehensive information using Topic Maps. The focus of this project was on converting Korean MARC data into FRBR(Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Requirements), then further transforming FRBR data using Topic Maps. MARC has flat structure, which has severe limitation in terms of collocating related information so applying Topic Maps to solve this problem deemed feasible. A prototype system was developed to demonstrate how TM-enabled MARC data can offer enhanced semantic services to NLK users.
Slides
Sam Gyun Oh
Sam Oh is a Professor in the Department of Library and Information Science at Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul Korea. Prior to joining SKKU, he taught at the University of Washington for 4 years. His teaching and research interests include metadata and ontology design, data modeling and knowledge management (KM). He has extensive consulting experiences in metadata and ontology design for digital libraries, KM companies as well as government sectors in Korea. He is the chair of ISO/IEC JTC1 SC34, the HoD for ISO TC46 and serves as a Dublin Core board member.
- What is Topic Maps, and Standards, Case examples, etc.
Motomu Naito, Knowledge Synergy
Michihiko Setogawa, Hitachi Systems & Services
Abstract
Many Topic Maps have already created and more and more Topic Maps has been creating all over the world. Many case examples and researches are presented in Topic Maps 2007 conference in Oslo and TMRA (Topic Maps Research and Applications) in Leipzig. At the same time Topic Maps standardized work is progressing steadily, for example, 13250-2 Topic Maps Data Model (TMDM) became IS (International standard) in August 2006 and 13250-3 Topic Maps XML Syntax (XTM) became IS in March 2007. And other parts of 13250 and related standards is making remarkable progress recently.
Starting at introduction to Topic Maps for new comer, this presentation explains and reports current state of each standards. Then it introduces many topic maps projects, researches and etc. Finally, it refers to many information resources about Topic Maps.
Slides
Motomu Naito
He is founder and CEO of Knowledge Synergy Inc. Knowledge Synergy is focusing on Topic Maps and Bayesian network, in order to support human's knowledge activity.
Knowledge Synergy is a partner of Ontopia As in Norway and BAYESIA S.A. in France. They provide Topic Maps related software, consulting, and training services, etc. and Bayesian network related software.
He has related to SGML and XML document sharing/exchanging on the WEB for many years. Recently he is engaging in several Topic Maps projects.
He calls himself Topic Maps evangelist in Japan. He is one of the delegates to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34 from Japan and chairman of WG3 in Japan. He is also a member of Topic Maps related committees of JSA (Japanese Standards Association) and is making JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) standard of Topic Maps by translating the ISO standards now. He and his friends published a Topic Maps book in Japan in Dec. 2006.
Michihiko Setogawa
Michihiko Setogawa is Senior Engineer at Hitachi Systems, a software integration company. He has been engaged in the research and development of the knowledge processing technology.
- Extraction of Topic Maps from Web pages
Motohiro Mase, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Seiji Yamada, National Insitute of Informatics
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a method to semi-automatically extract Topic Maps from a set of Web pages. We introduce the following two points to the existing clustering method: The first is merging only the linked Web pages, to extract the underlying relationship of the topics. The second is introducing the similarity by contents of Web pages and the types of links, and the distance between the directories in which the pages are located, to generate dense clusters. We generate the topic map by assuming the clusters as topics, the edges as associations, the Web pages related to the topic as occurrences from the result of clustering. To evaluate the extracted topic maps and proposed method, we conducted experiment for comparing our method and the existing clustering method. Eventually we discussed the effectiveness of our two additional points by using the extracted topic maps.
Slides
Motohiro Mase
Motohiro Mase is a PhD student in the Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science at Tokyo Institute of Technology. Motohiro earned his BE in the Department of Management Science Faculty of Engineering at Tokyo University of Science in 1999. He earned a Masters in Computational Intelligence and Systems Science at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 2001. His major is information search and extraction in the Web.
- A Citizen's Portal for the City of Bergen
Michihiko Setogawa, Hitachi Systems & Services
Abstract
In early 2007 the City of Bergen, the second largest city in Norway, launched a new citizen's portal based on Topic Maps. This talk describes the project, the technology used, and some lessons learned from the project.
Slides
Author: Lars Marius Garshol
Speaker: Michihiko Setogawa
Michihiko Setogawa is Senior Engineer at Hitachi Systems, a software integration company. He has been engaged in the research and development of the knowledge processing technology.
- Mindex as a Source of Topic Map
Sachio Hirokawa, Kyushu University
Abstract
Concept Graph and its visual representation Mindex represent hypernym/hyponym relation of words that appear in given a set of documents. In this talk, I'd like to propose Mindex as a source of Topic Map.
Slides
Sachio Hirokawa
Dr. Hirokawa graduated from Kyushu University with an undergraduate degree (1997) and a master degree of science in mathematics(1979), worked as a research assistant for Shizuoka University before returned to Kyushu University 1988. He has been a Professor in Research Institute for Informat Technogy. He has been working in search engine and web/text mining. He is now in sabbatical for initiating a venture company lafla (http://lafla.co.jp).
- Only Wright TM : A Subject-Centric Computing Demonstration Project
Kevin Trainor, Ligent, USA
Abstract
Ever since I learned how to create topic maps, I have been working on one of a series of topic maps about the architect Frank Lloyd Wright. I have always found Wright's designs fascinating and it was the pursuit of a means to organize information about his life and work that led me to Topic Maps.
At this session, I will unveil my latest work in this series, a subject-centric portal named OnlyWright.com. More importantly, I will share the details of my journey (often a bumpy ride) from my first topic map about Wright to this most recent opus. Along the way, I will discuss a number of important issues about subject-centric computing, Topic Maps technology, and Topic Maps research.
Please join me for this introduction to a master designer and my humble attempts to model his life, his work, and the large body of information resources that he has inspired.
Slides
Kevin Trainor
Kevin is the Founder and President of Ligent, a consulting and training firm that focuses exclusively on Topic Maps and Topic Maps applications. He is actively involved in the design and implementation of content delivery systems based upon Topic Maps.
He is a frequent speaker on the subjects of Topic Maps and XML technology. He teaches the Ontopia Topic Maps curriculum in North America and he has presented Topic Maps tutorials at XML 2005, Extreme Markup Languages 2006, TMRA 2006, TMRA 2007, and Topicmaps 2007. Kevin is an active member of the working group responsible for international Topic Maps standards (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34/WG 3).
Kevin holds a Project Management Professional (PMP) certification from the Project Management Institute. He has an MBA from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business and a BA from Rutgers University.
- Services Sciences, Management, Engineering (SSME): Roles of Topic
Maps in semantic representation techniques regarding services
innovation
Frederic Andres, National Insitute of Informatics
Abstract
SSME has been defined as the application of scientific, management, and engineering disciplines to tasks that one organization beneficially performs for and with another ("services."). Furthermore, SSME integrates ongoing work in computer science, operations research, industrial engineering, business strategy, management sciences, social and cognitive sciences, and legal sciences to propose new services.
SSME's primary objective is to discover means for all types of service innovation. Thus, the standardization of interoperable semantic representation is a key issue to support ontological contents.
The semantic layer of Service System is a combination of three main domains. Using Topic maps, it is easy to define people topic map, technology topic map, and organizations topic map. The challenge of applying topic maps to SSME is not only to represent semantically the technology or organizational associations, but also the people and their roles as knowledge workers. After a brief overview of Service Science, Management, and Engineering (SSME), the presentation will point out the key roles of topic maps in this new wave of inter-disciplinary semantic evolution.
Slides
Frederic Andres
Frederic Andres is associate professor in the Digital Content and Media Sciences Research Division of the National Institute of Informatics (NII) in Tokyo, Japan. Before joining NII in 2000, he was visiting researcher at NACSIS from 1996. He was scientist at Bull company (France) from 1989 to 1993, information system architect at Ifatec/Euriware (France) between 1993 and 1996. He is project leader of the Geomedia project and Myscoper project at NII. His current research interests are distributed semantic information management system and information ecosystems for applications and services. He has been serving at The World Organization for Digital Equality (WODE), as general secretary since January 2006. He is involved in several conference committees and journal editorial boards. Finally, he has been serving as observer in ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG3 (Topic Maps WG) from Japan since January 2006. One of his interests regarding Topic Maps is related to visual topics and visual semantic.
- Representing User Interaction Data of the Arithmetik Garden
Takashi Kiriyama, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts & Music
Abstract
Arithmetik Garden is a museum exhibit created by Masahiko Sato and the author. When entering this interactive exhibit, the player picks up a card with a number on it. Then the player is asked to make the number equal to 73 by passing through six gates of different operators, i.e., +5, +8, *3, *7, -4, and /2, any times in any order. When the player passes through the gate, an RFID reader installed in the gate reads the RFID tag embedded in the player's card. The database maintains the current number of the player, along with the route the player has decided to take. This exhibit is currently presented at Roppongi Crossing 2007 of the Mori Art Museum. During the exhibition, we collect data about players' routes and compare them with shortest routes calculated by the computer. The study reveals some interesting situations in which people think differently than computer. To do the comparison between human and computer, we take advantage of the structure of the Topic Maps.
Takashi Kiriyama
Takashi Kiriyama obtained his doctoral degree in Precision Engineering from Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo in 1991. After working at Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering, the University of Tokyo (1991-2001), Center for Design Research, Stanford University as Fulbright scholar (1999-2004), Japan Science and Technology Agency as Sakigake researcher(2004-2005), and Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo (2005-2006), currently Dr. Kiriyama is Associate Professor of the New Media Program at Graduate School of Film and New Media, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music.
- Classification and Organization of Medical words using Topic Maps
Tatsuya Okada, Tomiaki Morikawa, Sachiko Kondo, Masakazu Tagi, Hiroki Moriguchi, Takahiro Nagao,
University of Tokushima
Abstract
The computerization is advanced now with a lot of hospitals. The input of the medical information is a load of the doctor because it doesn't convert it easily because the medical treatment term is a special word. The dictionary is very important. Because the conversion efficiency improves when the accuracy of the dictionary is high, the doctor's load can be reduced. This research developed of medical treatment dictionary of each diagnosis and treatment department. Moreover, medical treatment dictionary of each diagnosis and treatment department doesn't use information on the word used by other diagnosis and treatment departments. It is thought that it becomes doctor's awareness and study by presenting the word that other diagnosis and treatment departments used when converting it. And, the relations between diagnosis and treatment departments that examine the lung cancer and the relations of the word used by each diagnosis and treatment department are visualized by using. Then, the relations between diagnosis and treatment departments are investigated. As a result, it has been understood that the word used by the diagnosis and treatment department is different though the same disease is being written.
Slides
Tatsuya Okada
Assistant Professor.
Department of medical informatics, The university of Tokushima School of Medicine.
XML master.
Fundamental Information Technology Engineer
- Learning Trajectory on a Topic Map of Introductory Physics e-Learning
Matsuura Shu, Tokai University
Abstract
An introductory physics e-Learning equipped with a topic map portal to induce exploratory self-learning was developed. This topic map also visualized the evaluation of studentfs learning based on the individual scores. During 3 semesters for introducing the topic map portal, the range of requests of contents was found widened. Further, in the trajectory of requests from individuals, a trend to explore contents upward from base concepts to applied ones was found.
Slides
Shu Matsuura
Assoc. Prof.
School of High-Technology for Human Welfare, Tokai University.
Born in 1959.
1990 Dr. of Science (Graduate School of Science of Nagoya University)
1991 Asist. Prof. of Tokai University.
1999 Assoc. Prof. of Tokai University.
- Relashionship description among Kanji variants by topic maps
Yuta TAKAHASHI, Yuki ADACHI and Yushi KOMACHI,
Osaka Institute of Technology
Abstract
IPSJ-TS 0008 clarifies and specifies the complicated variants relationship of Kanji characters. This paper describes the variants relationship specified in the IPSJ-TS 0008 using topic maps technology and tries to show a visible representation of the relationship by some topic map tools.
Yuta TAKAHASHI
Graduand of Osaka Institute of Technology in the next March.
Yuki ADACHI
Graduand of Osaka Institute of Technology in the next March.
Yushi KOMACHI
Professor, Osaka Institute of Technology
Chair, IEC/TC100 AGS(Advisory Group on Strategy)
Convener, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG2
- From ontology to Topic Map for Bam Typology
Elham Andaroodi, National Insitute of Informatics
Abstract
After the earthquake in 2003 and destruction of the world heritage in danger site of UNESCO, We have started a virtual reconstitution of the ruins of the buildings inside citadel of Bam. This task had brought tremendous effort for data collection and metadata management of pieces of information related to the situation of the site before the quake. A huge collection of heterogeneous data were gathered and made the process of annotation and knowledge management necessary.
For this purpose an ontology was designed for typology of citadel of Bam, consisting of type of buildings as entities and lexical or metadata about each entity. As experts from different countries were involved in the project the multilingual equivalents for entities were designed.
The main application of our ontology was to provide knowledge based access to our visual data such as maps, images, etc. and distribution over internet. For this purpose Topic Map was proposed as a proper knowledge management technique. We have imported our ontology schema into RDF and then exported the RDF file inside the Omigator. The relationships which were defined in RDF with value type "instance" were changed in the Omnigator as "association". The relationships with value type "string" in the RDF schema were changed as "occurrences" and the topic Map was prepared to instantiate the types of buildings, their lexical data, and their metadata under Object ID metadata schema.
Although moving from RDF of ontology to Topic Map inside Omigator was possible without error, some questions were arisen. Is the process of knowledge design in Ontology and RDF similar to Topic Map and XTM? The presentation will conclude by some examples of different approaches for design of the same concept inside the two different knowledge management techniques.
Slides
Elham ANDAROODI
Elham ANDAROODI is a Post-Doc researcher from April 2006 of the National Institute of Informatics, Digital Silk Roads laboratory. She got Ph.D. of Informatics from NII and the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) in March 2006 and Master of Architectural Engineering from University of Tehran in 2001. She has background research of knowledge models and spatial ontology design for cultural heritage with major interest on historical architecture along the Silk Roads and Central Asia. Currently she is involved in Virtual Reconstitution of the UNESCO world heritage in danger site, the Citadel of Bam.
- Presentation and description of relationships among standards
documents by using topic maps
Jyunnji Nakanishi and Yushi KOMACHI,
Osaka Institute of Technology
Abstract
This paper describes the knowledge of some experts of standards documents by using topic maps technology and tries to provide a scheme to find required specifications among an enormous number of standards documents. A prototype of standards documents topic maps is actually build by some topic map tools.
Jyunnji NAKANISHI
Graduand of Osaka Institute of Technology in the next March.
Yushi KOMACHI
Professor, Osaka Institute of Technology
Chair, IEC/TC100 AGS(Advisory Group on Strategy)
Convener, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG2
- Closing keynote:
Topic Maps - a new way to knowledge for pupils and teachers
Are Mjølsnes, Norwegian Directorate of Education, Norway
Abstract
Topic Maps is concerned with capturing information and knowledge and making it easier to share and reuse. It is therefore of great use in education and has already been applied in a number of interesting ways, in Norway and elsewhere. This presentation discusses some of the many applications of Topic Maps in the educational sector.
The main focus of the presentation is on Grep ("Grip") a major national project in Norway whose goal is to make the complete National Curriculum for children aged 6-19 widely and easily available in a form that offers many new and exciting possibilities.
The presentation will discuss the background for the project, why Topic Maps was chosen as the underlying technology, and how it is currently being used. It will show how the curriculum is structured as a topic map, and how it can be used by pupils, teachers, providers of learning materials (including publishers and broadcasting companies), vendors of Learning Management Systems, and others involved in education to provide a richer and more interesting learning environment.
Are Mjølsnes
Are Mjølsnes was educated as a teacher and has worked with web-based solutions for education since 1998. In 2001 he was project leader for what is widely regarded as the world's first full-scale Topic Maps-driven web site, www.itu.no. Since then his work has concentrated on applying Topic Maps technology in education.
Are joined the newly formed Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training in 2003 and has been responsible for a number of Topic Maps-related projects, including www.skolenettet.no and www.udir.no.
He was project leader for the team developing the Topic Maps-based web site (www.oecd-sbv.net) for the International Network on School Bullying and Violence, of which Japan is also a member.
Are is currently an advisor to a major government project, Grep ("Grip") in which Topic Maps is used to structure and publish the complete National Curriculum for all school education in Norway for children aged from 6 to 19 years.
